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- ItemWomen Participation and Representation in Politics and Governance in Zanzibar(GSJ, 2020-08-01) Salim Ali, SaidWomen occupy more than half of the Zanzibar population and more than half of voters in general elections while they are underrepresented in decision making positions. This study was aimed to analyse the status of women's participation and representation in the political process (election) and Governance in Zanzibar in reference to the re-introduction of multiparty. A mixed approach used to collect data and in analyzing data. Results revealed that still women are under-representation as an insignificant number of women stand as contesters and elected in the general elections. For the past of 25years since the re-introduction of the Multi-party system, women elected in the general election reached 6% for Member of Parliaments, 12% for the member of the House of Representatives and 20.7% for the Councilor position. By the year 2020, in the House of Representatives women occupied 36%, in the Central government key decision making positions women occupied 30% and in Regional and Local Government Administration, women occupied 20% of key decision making positions. Women have never been elected as President of Zanzibar, City Council or Municipal Council Mayor. Similarly, women have never appointed to hold the position of Vice President or Attorney General or Chief Secretary. Various challenges analyzed but the main challenge affecting women's participation and representation is a legal framework. The study has recommended a specific review of the legal framework including removal of special seats which shall be compensated through institutionalize the idea of 50% of men and women within political parties on the nomination of candidates.
- ItemImproving bycatch mitigation measures for marine megafauna in Zanzibar, Tanzania(Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA, 2019-06-01) N. Salmin1, YussufThis study was conducted to explore the governance processes and socio-economic factors relevant to the potential implementation of bycatch mitigation for various vulnerable marine megafauna (rays, sharks, marine mammals and turtles) in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted between February and April 2017 with fishers (n= 240) at eight landing sites. One focus group discussion was held in each site and eleven key informant interviews were carried out. The study showed that current measures to manage bycatch rates are not explicit; no rules govern ray and shark bycatch; and rules regarding marine mammal and sea turtle bycatch are poorly enforced. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the effects of five selected socio-economic factors (education, age, proportional fishing income, fishing experience, and the number of adults who bring income into the household) on the willingness of fishers to participate in potential future bycatch mitigation measures for marine megafauna. The results indicate that only one factor (the number of adults who bring income into the household) had any significant effect (p=0.016). These findings could benefit the future governance and management of marine megafauna in Zanzibar through a better understanding of what mitigation measures are more likely to be supported.